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The cost has decreased as wind turbine technology has improved. There are now longer and lighter wind turbine blades, improvements in turbine performance, and increased power generation efficiency. Also, wind project capital expenditure costs and maintenance costs have continued to decline. [94]
[100] [101] Ice accretion on turbine blades has also been found to greatly reduce the efficiency of wind turbines, which is a common challenge in cold climates where in-cloud icing and freezing rain events occur. [102] Deicing is mainly performed by internal heating or in some cases, by helicopters spraying clean warm water on the blades. [103]
An example of a wind turbine, this 3 bladed turbine is the classic design of modern wind turbines Wind turbine components : 1-Foundation, 2-Connection to the electric grid, 3-Tower, 4-Access ladder, 5-Wind orientation control (Yaw control), 6-Nacelle, 7-Generator, 8-Anemometer, 9-Electric or Mechanical Brake, 10-Gearbox, 11-Rotor blade, 12-Blade pitch control, 13-Rotor hub
The power coefficient [9] C P (= P/P wind) is the dimensionless ratio of the extractable power P to the kinetic power P wind available in the undistributed stream. [ citation needed ] It has a maximum value C P max = 16/27 = 0.593 (or 59.3%; however, coefficients of performance are usually expressed as a decimal, not a percentage).
Wind-turbine blades in laydown yard awaiting installation. The primary application of wind turbines is to generate energy using the wind. Hence, the aerodynamics is a very important aspect of wind turbines. Like most machines, wind turbines come in many different types, all of them based on different energy extraction concepts.
Wind turbines have some of the lowest global warming potential per unit of electricity generated: far less greenhouse gas is emitted than for the average unit of electricity, so wind power helps limit climate change. [62] Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution, unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to ...
By extension, the efficiency of the wind turbine is a function of the tip-speed ratio. Ideally, one would like to have a turbine operating at the maximum value of C p at all wind speeds. This means that as the wind speed changes, the rotor speed must change as well such that C p = C p max.
As discussed earlier, a wind turbine would ideally operate at its maximum efficiency for below rated power. Once rated power has been hit, the power is limited. This is for two reasons: ratings on the drivetrain equipment, such as the generator; and second to reduce the loads on the blades.
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