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Texture mapping originally referred to diffuse mapping, ... and more complex mappings such as height mapping, bump mapping, normal ... A texture map [5] [6] is an ...
This technique is especially useful where height varies slightly over a large area. Using only grey values, because the heights must be mapped to only 256 values, the rendered terrain appears flat, with "steps" in certain places. Height map of planet earth at 2km per pixel, including oceanic bathymetry information, normalized as 8-bit grayscale
Displacement mapping is an alternative computer graphics technique in contrast to bump, normal, and parallax mapping, using a texture or height map to cause an effect where the actual geometric position of points over the textured surface are displaced, often along the local surface normal, according to the value the texture function evaluates to at each point on the surface. [1]
Parallax mapping with shadows. Parallax mapping (also called offset mapping or virtual displacement mapping) is an enhancement of the bump mapping or normal mapping techniques applied to textures in 3D rendering applications such as video games.
Similar to a height map or displacement map, but usually associated with a projection. Depth value A value in a depth map representing a distance perpendicular to the space of an image. Diffuse lighting In shading, a diffuse component of light is the light reflected from the surface uniformly into all directions.
A texture map (left). The corresponding normal map in tangent space (center). The normal map applied to a sphere in object space (right). Normal map reuse is made possible by encoding maps in tangent space. The tangent space is a vector space, which is tangent to the model's surface. The coordinate system varies smoothly (based on the ...
There are two primary methods to perform bump mapping. The first uses a height map for simulating the surface displacement yielding the modified normal. This is the method invented by Blinn [2] and is usually what is referred to as bump mapping unless specified. The steps of this method are summarized as follows.
In cartography, a contour line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level. [3] A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes. [4]