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Behavioral games not only require players to make rational choices, but also require players to be able to predict the decisions of other players in their interactions. In game experiments, rational choice conflicts with individual decision making, and individual behavior may be able to achieve greater gains than rational choice.
The use of game theory in the social sciences has expanded, and game theory has been applied to political, sociological, and psychological behaviors as well. [ 67 ] Although pre-twentieth-century naturalists such as Charles Darwin made game-theoretic kinds of statements, the use of game-theoretic analysis in biology began with Ronald Fisher 's ...
Social rationality is a form of bounded rationality applied to social contexts, where individuals make choices and predictions under uncertainty. [1] While game theory deals with well-defined situations, social rationality explicitly deals with situations in which not all alternatives, consequences, and event probabilities can be foreseen.
Game theory can be used to analyze various situations, like playing chess, firms competing for business, or animals fighting over prey. Rationality is a core assumption of game theory: it is assumed that each player chooses rationally based on what is most beneficial from their point of view.
[5] [6] [7] It is closely related to mechanism design, which uses game theory to model social choice with imperfect information and self-interested citizens. Social choice differs from decision theory in that the latter is concerned with how individuals, rather than societies, can make rational decisions.
Game studies, also known as ludology (from ludus, "game", and -logia, "study", "research") or gaming theory, is the study of games, the act of playing them, and the players and cultures surrounding them.
Likewise, utilitarianism (aka "rational choice" or "social exchange"), although often associated with economics, is an established tradition within sociological theory. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Lastly, as argued by Raewyn Connell (2007), a tradition that is often forgotten is that of social Darwinism , which applies the logic of biological evolution to ...
A relevant game is dictator game, where one subject proposes the split of a fixed amount and the other subject is only allowed to accept the offer. The dictator game helps to isolate pure altruism from the strategic concern of the first mover (i.e. the first mover proposes a larger share to second mover to avoid second mover's rejection) in the ...