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Styrene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C 6 H 5 CH=CH 2. Its structure consists of a vinyl group as substituent on benzene. Styrene is a colorless, oily liquid, although aged samples can appear yellowish. The compound evaporates easily and has a sweet smell, although high concentrations have a less pleasant odor.
Styrene oxide is an epoxide derived from styrene. It can be prepared by epoxidation of styrene with peroxybenzoic acid, in the Prilezhaev reaction: [1] Styrene oxide is slightly soluble in water. A trace amount of acid in water causes hydrolysis to racemic phenylethyleneglycol via a benzylic cation.
From 1999 to 2002, a comprehensive review of the potential health risks associated with exposure to styrene was conducted by a 12-member international expert panel selected by the Harvard Center for Risk Assessment. The scientists had expertise in toxicology, epidemiology, medicine, risk analysis, pharmacokinetics, and exposure assessment.
Styrene acrylonitrile resin (SAN) is a copolymer plastic consisting of styrene and acrylonitrile. It is widely used in place of polystyrene owing to its greater thermal resistance. The chains of between 70 and 80% by weight styrene and 20 to 30% acrylonitrile. [ 1 ]
Styrene, for example, is distilled at temperatures above 100 °C whereupon it undergoes thermal polymerisation at a rate of ~2% per hour. [1] This polymerisation is undesirable, as it can foul the fractionating tower ; it is also typically exothermic , which can lead to a runaway reaction and potential explosion if left unchecked.
Styrene-butadiene is a commodity material which competes with natural rubber. The elastomer is used widely in pneumatic tires. This application mainly calls for E-SBR, although S-SBR is growing in popularity. Other uses include shoe heels and soles, gaskets, and even chewing gum. [3]
Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA or SMAnh) is a synthetic polymer that is built-up of styrene and maleic anhydride monomers. In one copolymer , the monomers can be almost perfectly alternating. [ 1 ] but (random) copolymerisation with less than 50% maleic anhydride content is also possible. [ 2 ]
It is a colorless liquid that is typically stored with a stabilizer to suppress polymerization. In combination with styrene, vinylbenzyl chloride is used as a comonomer in the production of chloromethylated polystyrene. [1] It is produced by the chlorination of vinyltoluene. Often vinyltoluene consists of a mixture of 3- and 4-vinyl isomers, in ...