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Scolopendromorpha is an order of centipedes also known as tropical centipedes [1] or bark centipedes. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This order includes about 700 species in five families. These centipedes are found nearly worldwide, with tropical and subtropical regions providing the richest diversity in species. [ 4 ]
The genus Scolopendra contains many species of centipedes found across the world's tropics and warmer temperate areas. The species vary considerably in coloration and size. Scolopendra are mostly very large centipedes. The largest species found in tropical climates can exceed 30 cm (12 in) and are the largest living centipedes in the world. [2]
Centipedes are elongated segmented animals with one pair of legs per body segment. All centipedes are venomous and can inflict painful stings, injecting their venom through pincer-like appendages known as forcipules or toxicognaths, which are actually modified legs instead of fangs. Despite the name, no species of centipede has exactly 100 legs ...
Scolopendra morsitans was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his book 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758 and has since retained its original scientific name. [15] The species was nominated as the type species of the centipede genus Scolopendra in a submission to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in 1955 which was approved two years later.
Scutigera coleoptrata, also known as the house centipede, is a species of centipede that is typically yellowish-grey and has up to 15 pairs of long legs. Originating in the Mediterranean region , it has spread to other parts of the world, where it can live in human homes. [ 1 ]
Scolopendra gigantea, also known as the Peruvian giant yellow-leg centipede or Amazonian giant centipede, is a centipede in the genus Scolopendra. It is the largest centipede species in the world, with a length exceeding 30 centimetres (12 in). [2] Specimens may have 21 or 23 segments. [3]
In wetter, more tropical weather, the centipede will burrow closer to the surface of the soil at around 7 cm. [10] In dryer weather, the centipede burrows at a deeper depth between 7–14 cm. [10] G. flavus moves through the soil similarly to earthworms, expanding their length forward, and then contracting in order to pull their body towards ...
Two European species in this family include centipedes with only 29 pairs of legs: Geophilus persephones (29 in the only specimen, a male), and G. richardi (29 or 31 in males and 33 in females). [12] [13] In the order Geophilomorpha, only two species include centipedes with fewer leg pairs, both of them in the family Schendylidae. [12]