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Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Jawi: کسلطانن رياوليڠݢ , romanized: Kesultanan Riau-Lingga), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention.
Prior to Dutch colonization, most of the modern-day province of Riau Islands is part of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate. The sultanate was headed by a Sultan.The Sultan, who was a Malay, acted as Head of State while the Dipertuan Muda/Yamtuan Muda (deputy ruler or Viceroy), a position held by the Bugis ruling elite, served as the Head of Government.
Born in Hulu Riau (present-day Tanjungpinang) in 1780, Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah was the son of the 15th Sultan of Johor, Mahmud Shah III with his third wife, Encik Mariam binti Dato' Hassan (died in Lingga, 1831), the daughter of a Bugis nobleman of Sindereng, South Sulawesi.
This name was used as one of the four main sultanates that formed the kingdoms of Riau, Lingga, Johor and Pahang. However, as the consequences of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and United Kingdom, the Johor-Pahang sultanates fell under British influence, while the Riau-Lingga sultanates fell under Dutch influence. [11] [12]
Daik (Jawi: دائق ; Chinese: 大一; pinyin: Dàyī) is the main village (kelurahan) on the island of Lingga of Lingga Regency, in the Riau Islands in Indonesia. [1] It is located at 0°12′0″N 104°37′0″E / 0.20000°N 104.61667°E / 0.20000; 104.
In addition, the Riau-Lingga Sultanate also protected its territories from external threats, such as colonization by European powers, especially the Netherlands. [31] After the end of the Riau-Lingga Sultanate and the Dutch colonial influence in the region, the Natuna Islands remained an important part of Indonesia's maritime history.
Penyengat Island was the royal seat of the once powerful Sultanate of Riau-Lingga, and it is famous for its viceroys of Riau during the 18th century conflict with European powers. Penyengat still bears the traces of its illustrious and mystic past. Despite being ruined and abandoned for almost 70 years, Penyengat has recently been restored.
The Johor Empire was split into two parts with Sulaiman Badrul Shah giving up the sovereignty of his part to the Dutch. This also marked the end of the original Johor-Riau Sultanate, that descended from the Malacca Sultanate. This division remains today with Pahang and Johor in Malaysia and what was the Riau-Lingga Sultanate in Indonesia.