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Polycystic ovary syndrome, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. [14] The syndrome is named after cysts which form on the ovaries of some women with this condition, though this is not a universal symptom and not the underlying cause of the disorder.
Not all women with PCOS have difficulty becoming pregnant. For those who do, anovulation is a common cause. The mechanism of this anovulation is uncertain, but there is evidence of arrested antral follicle development, which, in turn, may be caused by abnormal interaction of insulin and luteinizing hormone (LH) on granulosa cells.
Some women have more follicles than usual (polycystic ovary syndrome), which inhibits the follicles to grow normally and this will cause cycle irregularities. Various types of ovarian diseases exist. Some of the ovarian diseases or disorders include: endometriosis , ovarian cysts , ovarian epithelial cancer , ovarian germ cell tumors , ovarian ...
The luteinized cells produce androgens, which may lead to hirsutism and virilization (or masculinization) in affected women. [ 2 ] The term hyperthecosis refers to the presence of nests of luteinized theca cells in the ovarian stroma due to differentiation of the ovarian interstitial cells into steroidogenically active luteinized stromal cells.
Female genital disease is a disorder of the structure or function of the female reproductive system that has a known cause and a distinctive group of symptoms, signs, or anatomical changes. The female reproductive system consists of the ovaries , fallopian tubes , uterus , vagina , and vulva .
Ovarian drilling and ovarian wedge resection are treatment options to reduce the amount of androgen producing tissue in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). [4] PCOS is the primary cause of anovulation, which results in female infertility. [5] The induction of mono-ovulatory cycles can restore fertility. [6]
A polycystic disease is a disease that involves multiple cysts scattered throughout an organ, including: Polycystic kidney disease; Polycystic liver disease;
One-third of women will experience abnormal uterine bleeding in their life. Normal menstrual cycle has a frequency of 24 to 38 days, lasts 7 to 9 days, so bleeding that lasts longer could be considered abnormal. Very heavy bleeding (for example, needing to use 1 or more tampons or sanitary pads every hour) is another symptom. [19]