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The reverse-thrust ratio (ratio of backward engine thrust to forward reverse thrust) can be as high as 84%. [6] However, this result is obtained with a cowl to attach air flow in a 7° angle and a large enough "target" (deflector door) installed. A reverse-thrust ratio of 55% can be reached on a simple target without the cowl. [7]
Precision Manuals Development Group (often abbreviated as PMDG) is a commercial add-on aircraft developer for the Microsoft Flight Simulator, [1] Lockheed Martin Prepar3D, [2] and X-Plane [3] series. The company was founded by Robert S. Randazzo, who stated that his ultimate goal was to develop the software to the point where it could be used ...
The JT8D is an axial-flow front turbofan engine incorporating a two-spool design. There are two coaxially-mounted independent rotating assemblies: one rotating assembly for the low pressure compressor (LPC) which consists of the first six stages (i.e. six pairs of rotating and stator blades, including the first two stages which are for the bypass turbofan), driven by the second (downstream ...
Thrust reversal, also called reverse thrust, is the temporary diversion of an aircraft engine's thrust for it to act against the forward travel of the aircraft, providing deceleration. Thrust reverser systems are featured on many jet aircraft to help slow down just after touch-down, reducing wear on the brakes and enabling shorter landing ...
This creates reverse thrust for braking or going backwards without the need to change the direction of shaft revolution. While some aircraft have ground-adjustable propellers, these are not considered variable-pitch. These are typically found only on light aircraft and microlights.
The equivalent concept for an airplane is thrust reversal. In a sailing ship astern propulsion can be achieved by the appropriate manipulation of the sails. In square-rigged ships 'backing the sails', that is, aligning the sails so that the wind impinged on the bow surface, could provide sufficient retrograde thrust to slow or reverse the ship.
Virtually all modern jet aircraft are fitted with lift dumpers. The British Aerospace 146 is fitted with particularly wide-span spoilers to generate additional drag and make reverse thrust unnecessary. A number of accidents have been caused either by inadvertently deploying lift dumpers on landing approach, or forgetting to set them to "automatic".
Contra-rotating propellers Contra-rotating propellers on the Rolls-Royce Griffon-powered P-51XR Mustang Precious Metal at the 2014 Reno Air Races. Aircraft equipped with contra-rotating propellers (CRP) [1] coaxial contra-rotating propellers, or high-speed propellers, apply the maximum power of usually a single piston engine or turboprop engine to drive a pair of coaxial propellers in contra ...