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SQL includes operators and functions for calculating values on stored values. SQL allows the use of expressions in the select list to project data, as in the following example, which returns a list of books that cost more than 100.00 with an additional sales_tax column containing a sales tax figure calculated at 6% of the price.
Low-cardinality column values are typically status flags, Boolean values, or major classifications such as gender. An example of a data table column with low-cardinality would be a CUSTOMER table with a column named NEW_CUSTOMER. This column would contain only two distinct values: Y or N, denoting whether the customer was new or not.
Languages with an explicit return statement create the possibility of multiple return statements in the same function. Whether or not that is a good thing is controversial. Strong adherents of structured programming make sure each function has a single entry and a single exit (SESE).
Some keywords represent things that look like functions, some look like constants, but they are actually language constructs. It is forbidden to use any keywords as constants, class names, functions or methods.
The example query above logically always returns zero rows because the comparison of the i column with Null always returns Unknown, even for those rows where i is Null. The Unknown result causes the SELECT statement to summarily discard every row. (However, in practice, some SQL tools will retrieve rows using a comparison with Null.)
Multiple overlays can be used at once, forming a stack of modules between the frontend and the backend. Overlays provide a simple means to augment the functionality of a database without requiring that an entirely new backend be written, and allow new functionalities to be added in compact, easily debuggable and maintainable modules.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 6 February 2025. Language for communicating instructions to a machine The source code for a computer program in C. The gray lines are comments that explain the program to humans. When compiled and run, it will give the output "Hello, world!". A programming language is a system of notation for writing ...
Inverse hyperbolic functions over the complex domain are multiple-valued because hyperbolic functions are periodic along the imaginary axis. Over the reals, they are single-valued, except for arcosh and arsech. These are all examples of multivalued functions that come about from non-injective functions. Since the original functions do not ...