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January 7–20 - Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812) March 16-April 6 - Siege of Badajoz (1812) March 19 - ratification of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 [1] April 9 - Battle of Arlabán (1812) June 29-August 19 - Siege of Astorga (1812) July 22 - Battle of Salamanca; October 25–29 - Battle of Tordesillas (1812)
The Political Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy (Spanish: Constitución Política de la Monarquía Española), also known as the Constitution of Cádiz (Spanish: Constitución de Cádiz) and as La Pepa, [1] was the first Constitution of Spain and one of the earliest codified constitutions in world history. [2]
Spain in the 19th century was a country in turmoil. Occupied by Napoleon from 1808 to 1814, a massively destructive "liberation war" ensued.Following the Spanish Constitution of 1812, Spain was divided between the 1812 constitution's liberal principles and the absolutism personified by the rule of Ferdinand VII, who repealed the 1812 Constitution for the first time in 1814, only to be forced ...
From 12 August until 2 November 1812 whilst the Anglo-Portuguese Army occupied his capital - Madrid. Joseph I left Madrid in May 1813 for the last time, and later Spain in June 1813, following the French defeat in Battle of Vitoria, ending the failed stage of enlightened absolutism. Most of Joseph I's supporters (about 10,000 and 12,000) fled ...
The Siege of Cádiz was a siege of the large Spanish naval base of Cádiz [5] by a French army from 5 February 1810 to 24 August 1812 [6] during the Peninsular War.Following the occupation of Seville, Cádiz became the Spanish seat of power, [7] and was targeted by 70,000 French troops under the command of the Marshals Claude Victor and Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult for one of the most important ...
A new Cortes was summoned and met at Cádiz, which included Spanish American and Philippine delegates, and promulgated the Spanish Constitution of 1812. This constitution is generally recognized as Spain's first written constitution since it was drafted freely by delegates of the Spanish Empire.
The allied army, some 27,000 [2] strong, outnumbered the French garrison by around five to one and after encircling the town on 17 March 1812, began to lay siege by preparing trenches, parallels and earthworks to protect the heavy siege artillery, work made difficult by a week of prolonged and torrential rainfalls, which also swept away bridging works that were needed to bring the heavy cannon ...
Map of the battlefield. The Battle of Salamanca (in French and Spanish known as the Battle of the Arapiles) took place on 22 July 1812. An Anglo-Portuguese army under the Earl of Wellington (future Duke of Wellington) defeated Marshal Auguste Marmont's French forces at Arapiles, south of Salamanca, Spain, during the Peninsular War.