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Military coups in Pakistan began in 1958 when military officer Muhammad Ayub Khan overthrew and exiled president Iskandar Ali Mirza. [1] [2] Since its creation in 1947, Pakistan has spent several decades under military rule (1958–1971, 1977–1988, 1999–2008). After their respective terms in office, each of the past five prime ministers of ...
Established in 1952, the Pakistan Army Act regulates the legal code within the military, mainly for prosecuting military personnel and associated civilians. [1] An amendment in 1966, during Ayub Khan's tenure, extended its application to civilians, specifically those charged with inciting mutiny or accused of disseminating classified information and assaulting military infrastructure.
From 1947 until 1971, the MoD was highly centralised with decision-making process and defence policies was solely depended on the General Headquarters (Pakistan Army) in Rawalpindi, Punjab.: 35–37 [8] In 1973, the Constitution of Pakistan provided the legal existence and its concise functionary role in defined Part XII, Chapter II, which ...
The Pakistan Army Amendment Bill 2023 aims to modify the clauses within the Pakistan Army Act of 1952. Its purpose is to establish the foundational framework for the establishment and continuous upkeep of the National Army. [1] The bill was approved by both the Senate and National Assembly and sent to President Arif Alvi for his signature. The ...
He later resigned as army chief 25 days into the emergency on 28 November. [3] The state of emergency and its responses are generally attributed to the controversies surrounding the re-election of Musharraf during the presidential election on 6 October 2007, including his holding of both offices of President and Chief of Army Staff at the time.
The Establishment (Urdu: اسٹیبلشمنٹ), also referred to as the military establishment, or deep state, is a term commonly used in Pakistan to describe the influence of the Pakistan Armed Forces, intelligence agencies, and associated pro-military entities within the country's governance structure.
The Military Lands and Cantonments Department (ML&C) is an executive department of the Ministry of Defense in Pakistan. Its mission is to ensure pro-people, effective local governance in cantonments and effective defense land management. Across Pakistan, there are 11 Military Estate (ME) circles and 44 cantonments covering
Pakistan Military Accounts Department (PMAD) is an attached department of the Ministry of Defence. It is primarily responsible for making payments to the armed forces, maintaining its accounts and providing financial advice to the defense authorities.