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Ammonium perchlorate ("AP") is an inorganic compound with the formula NH 4 ClO 4.It is a colorless or white solid that is soluble in water. It is a powerful oxidizer.Combined with a fuel, it can be used as a rocket propellant called ammonium perchlorate composite propellant.
Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a solid rocket propellant. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur , not only in chemical composition and overall performance but also by being cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder.
The fuel/catalyst mixture is 90% 600-mesh dark flake aluminium powder, combined with the catalyst that is a mixture of 5% 325-mesh titanium sponge and 5% 200-mesh zirconium hydride [1] (with another patent document [10] listing 5% zirconium hydroxide). The oxidizer is a mixture of 85% 200-mesh ammonium nitrate and 15% ammonium perchlorate. [1]
Ammonium perchlorate manufactured for other United States government programs was not held at the PEPCON plant during this period. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic and steel drums were used for in-process and additional storage at the time of the accident, as they had been for many years prior to the Challenger accident. [6]
A perchlorate is a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion, ClO − 4, the conjugate base of perchloric acid (ionic perchlorate). As counterions, there can be metal cations, quaternary ammonium cations or other ions, for example, nitronium cation (NO + 2). The term perchlorate can also describe perchlorate esters or covalent ...
Nitronium perchlorate and ammonium perchlorate do not produce smoke when stoichiometrically burned with non-metallic fuels. Potassium perchlorate and other metal perchlorates generate smoke, as the metal chlorides are solid materials creating aerosols of their particles. Of all the perchlorates, nitronium perchlorate is the most powerful oxidizer.
Both tests were done on 200 micron AP, the "nominal" size usually shipped in bulk (smaller particle sizes are available, but somewhat special order and nothing in the 15 micron range that I know of). These both conclude that 200 micron AP should not be designated a Class 1 explosive, but should keep its Class 4 oxidizer designation.
Ammonium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula NH 4 ClO 3.. It is obtained by neutralizing chloric acid with either ammonia or ammonium carbonate, or by precipitating barium, strontium or calcium chlorates with ammonium carbonate or ammonium sulfate, producing the respective carbonate or sulfate precipitate and an ammonium chlorate solution.