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There are many medieval chess bishops of various origins in different museums in Europe and US. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] A bishop that probably predates the Lewis chessmen was in the collection of Jean-Joseph Marquet de Vasselot and was sold at Christie's in Paris in 2011 with a radiocarbon dating report stating that there is a 95% probability that ...
Queen. The legend regarding the set states that these chessmen were given as a gift to Charlemagne by Caliph Harun al-Rashid, [3] who was an avid chess player. The fact that the set displays elephants instead of bishops and chariots instead of rooks denotes a form of the Perso-Arabic game known as Shatranj, itself coming from the original Indian Chaturanga (which compound word means the 'Four ...
The considerable overall similarity in design and carving technique, but with idiosyncratic differences between individual pieces, leads experts to think the sets were made by several people all working at the same place. [28] In terms of number of pieces, the chessmen could be part of four chess sets, although they could be from more.
The game of chess, or rather its immediate precursor, known as shatranj, was introduced to Europe from the Islamic sphere, most likely via Iberia (modern Spain), in the 9th or 10th century (possibly as early as at the beginning of the 9th century, and certainly by the mid to late 10th century).
The earliest known reference to chess in a European text is a Medieval Latin poem, Versus de scachis. The oldest manuscript containing this poem has been given the estimated date of 997. [ 2 ] Other early examples include miniatures accompanying books.
Also of Spanish origin are the first archaeological pieces of evidence of the game on European soil: the Ager pieces, a set of medieval chess pieces dating from the 11th century, of abstract design and made of crystal, that belonged to Arnau Mir de Tost.
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