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Animals are multicellular eukaryotes, [note 1] and are distinguished from plants, algae, and fungi by lacking cell walls. [1] Marine invertebrates are animals that inhabit a marine environment apart from the vertebrate members of the chordate phylum; invertebrates lack a vertebral column. Some have evolved a shell or a hard exoskeleton.
Evisceration is a method of autotomy involving the ejection of internal organs used by animals as a defensive strategy. Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea) eject parts of the gut in order to scare and defend against potential predators such as crabs and fish. The organs are regenerated in a few days by cells in the interior of the sea cucumber. [1] [2]
Pacific sea nettles, Chrysaora fuscescens. Cnidaria (/ n ɪ ˈ d ɛər i ə, n aɪ-/ nih-DAIR-ee-ə, NY-) [4] is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species [5] of aquatic invertebrates found both in fresh water and marine environments (predominantly the latter), including jellyfish, hydroids, sea anemones, corals and some of the smallest marine parasites.
As juveniles, animals develop from microscopic stages, which can include spores, eggs and larvae. At least one microscopic animal group, the parasitic cnidarian Myxozoa, is unicellular in its adult form, and includes marine species. Other adult marine microanimals are multicellular.
A range of biochemical calcification (biocalcification) mechanisms exist, indicated by the fact that marine calcifiers use different forms of calcium carbonate minerals. Within this range of mechanisms, there are two broad categories of biogenic calcification in marine organisms: extracellular mineralization and intracellular mineralization.
A deep-diving robot that chiseled into the rocky Pacific seabed at a spot where two of the immense plates comprising Earth's outer shell meet has unearthed a previously unknown realm of animal ...
The sea mouse is an active predator [2] feeding primarily on small crabs, hermit crabs and other polychaete worms including Pectinaria and Lumbriconereis. [2] It has been observed consuming other polychaete worms over three times its own body length. [2] Feeding activity takes place at night, with the animal partially buried in sand. [2]
Sea otters have dexterous hands which they use to smash sea urchins off rocks. Otters are the only marine animals that are capable of lifting and turning over rocks, which they often do with their front paws when searching for prey. [61] The sea otter may pluck snails and other organisms from kelp and dig deep into underwater mud for clams. [61]