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  2. Internet checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_checksum

    The Internet checksum, [1] [2] also called the IPv4 header checksum is a checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to detect corruption in the header of IPv4 packets. It is carried in the IPv4 packet header, and represents the 16-bit result of the summation of the header words. [3] The IPv6 protocol does not use header checksums.

  3. List of IP protocol numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IP_protocol_numbers

    This is a list of the IP protocol numbers found in the field Protocol of the IPv4 header and the Next Header field of the IPv6 header. It is an identifier for the encapsulated protocol and determines the layout of the data that immediately follows the header. Both fields are eight bits wide.

  4. User Datagram Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol

    A port is a software structure that is identified by the port number, a 16-bit integer value, allowing for port numbers between 0 and 65535. Port 0 is reserved but is a permissible source port value if the sending process does not expect messages in response. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has divided port numbers into three ...

  5. Transmission Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

    If a segment contains an odd number of header and text octets, alignment can be achieved by padding the last octet with zeros on its right to form a 16-bit word for checksum purposes. The pad is not transmitted as part of the segment. While computing the checksum, the checksum field itself is replaced with zeros.

  6. List of TCP and UDP port numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port...

    The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...

  7. SCTP packet structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCTP_packet_structure

    Unsigned 32-bit number that is used in every SCTP packet in the verification tag within the common header. Advertised receiver window credit (a_rwnd) Amount of dedicated buffer space for this association that should never be reduced. # of outbound streams Number of outbound streams (from the sender of the INIT) it wishes to use for this ...

  8. Network packet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_packet

    Network packets may contain a checksum, parity bits or cyclic redundancy checks to detect errors that occur during transmission. [6] At the transmitter, the calculation is performed before the packet is sent. When received at the destination, the checksum is recalculated, and compared with the one in the packet.

  9. Error detection and correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction

    A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages. Checksum schemes include parity bits, check digits, and longitudinal redundancy checks.