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The Lepidoptera have developed a wide variety of morphological wing-coupling mechanisms in the imago which render these taxa "functionally dipterous" (two winged). [33] All but the most basal forms exhibit this wing coupling. [34] There are three different types of mechanisms – jugal, frenulo–retinacular, and amplexiform. [35]
Examples of frenulo-retinacular wing coupling in male and female moths Other groups of moth have a frenulum on the hindwing that hooks under a retinaculum on the forewing. [ 4 ] The retinaculum is a hook or tuft on the underside of the forewing of some moths .
A Lepidoptera specimen drawer in a museum collection in Poland Another Lepidoptera specimen drawer in a museum collection in Poland. Lepidopterology (from Ancient Greek λεπίδος (lepídos) 'scale' πτερόν (pterón) 'wing' and -λογία [1]) is a branch of entomology concerning the scientific study of moths and the two superfamilies of butterflies.
Volunteers scout out a meeting place and map out a 15-mile circle in which they count all the butterflies they see in one day. These counts give clues into the butterfly biodiversity of a particular region. The North American Butterfly Association also publishes the American Butterflies magazine quarterly. The magazine is currently 48 pages ...
Optical classification of microstructure in butterfly wing-scales. Photonics Science News, 6, 66–66. Nagypal, Tony. The World of Birdwing Butterflies Archived 2009-02-07 at the Wayback Machine. Haugum, Jan. (1981). Notes on the Aristolochia of the Papuan Region, with particular reference to the larval foodplants of the Ornithoptera. Lep.
Limenitis arthemis, the red-spotted purple or white admiral, is a North American butterfly species in the cosmopolitan genus Limenitis.It has been studied for its evolution of mimicry, and for the several stable hybrid wing patterns within this nominal species; it is one of the most dramatic examples of hybridization between non-mimetic and mimetic populations.
At Flat Rock Brook Nature Center, New Jersey, United States. Its wingspan ranges from 62 to 88 mm (2.4 to 3.5 in). [2] It is characterized by its orange colour above with five black dashes near forewing base and several irregular black dashes at the base of the hindwing. In addition, two rows of black crescents run along the edges of the wings.
Wing-coupling mechanisms: lack a frenulum: have a frenulum which is a filament arising from the hindwing and coupling (matching up) with barbs on the forewing. The frenulum can be observed only when a specimen is in hand. Some moths have a lobe on the forewing called a jugum that helps in coupling with the hindwing. Pupae