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Controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) -- which includes indoor agriculture (IA) and vertical farming—is a technology-based approach toward food production. The aim of CEA is to provide protection from the outdoor elements and maintain optimal growing conditions throughout the development of the crop.
The term "vertical farming" was coined by Gilbert Ellis Bailey in 1915 in his book Vertical Farming.His use of the term differs from the current meaning—he wrote about farming with a special interest in soil origin, its nutrient content and the view of plant life as "vertical" life forms, specifically relating to their underground root structures. [16]
In July 2020, company became a member of the international Association for Vertical Farming. In August 2020, the company announced the raise of $4 million in seed funding from a group of investors. [12] [13] [14] In the same year, iFarm partnered with YASAI AG and Logiqs B.V. to launch Zurich's first vertical farm. [15] iFarm inside
Vertical farming is a proposed agricultural concept in which entire urban high-rise buildings, not just the building envelope, are dedicated to large-scale farming. [21] According to various researchers, to be realized vertical farms would require significant technological breakthroughs with regards to energy consumption and lighting. [22]
Environmental full-cost accounting (EFCA) is a method of cost accounting that traces direct costs and allocates indirect costs [1] by collecting and presenting information about the possible environmental costs and benefits or advantages – in short, about the "triple bottom line" – for each proposed alternative.
In September 2016, the AeroFarms Global Headquarters opened in a 70,000 square-foot facility in Newark, which is the largest indoor vertical farm in the world based on annual growing capacity. [5] The farm was built in a 75-year-old former steel mill facility and has the capacity to produce up to two million pounds of leafy greens per year. [6]
Industrial agriculture is a form of modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of crops and animals and animal products like eggs or milk.The methods of industrial agriculture include innovation in agricultural machinery and farming methods, genetic technology, techniques for achieving economies of scale in production, the creation of new markets for consumption, the ...
Standard Costing is a technique of Cost Accounting to compare the actual costs with standard costs (that are pre-defined) with the help of Variance Analysis. It is used to understand the variations of product costs in manufacturing. [6] Standard costing allocates fixed costs incurred in an accounting period to the goods produced during that period.