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In approximately one-third of these cases the man is the factor, in one third the woman is the factor, and in the remaining third the infertility is a product of factors on both parts. In many lower-income countries, estimating infertility is difficult due to incomplete information and infertility and childlessness stigmas.
Causes or factors of female infertility can basically be classified regarding whether they are acquired or genetic, or strictly by location.. Although factors of female infertility can be classified as either acquired or genetic, female infertility is usually more or less a combination of nature and nurture.
20-30% percent of infertility cases are due to male infertility, 20–35% are due to female infertility, and 25-40% are due to combined problems. [13] In 10–20% of cases, no cause is found. [13] The most common cause of female infertility is ovulatory problems, which generally manifest themselves by sparse or absent menstrual periods. [60]
In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. [4] In general, infertility or subfertility [ 5 ] in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex . [ 6 ]
About 10–15% of human couples are infertile, unable to conceive.In approximately in half of these cases, the underlying cause is related to the male. The underlying causative factors in the male infertility can be attributed to environmental toxins, systemic disorders such as, hypothalamic–pituitary disease, testicular cancers and germ-cell aplasia.
The average age of a girl's first period is 12 to 13 (12.5 years in the United States, [6] 12.72 in Canada, [7] 12.9 in the UK [8]) but, in postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory in the first year after menarche, which declines to 50% in the third year, and to 10% by the sixth. [9]
Specific risk factors are still undetermined; however, genetic and environmental factors have been found to be associated with endometriosis, with genetic risk factors accounting for about 51% of endometriosis cases. Genetic risk factors associated with endometriosis include: Earlier menarche (≤11 years of age) Short menstrual cycles (≤27 days)
The male infertility crisis is an increase in male infertility since the mid-1970s. [91] The issue attracted media attention after a 2017 meta-analysis found that sperm counts in Western countries had declined by 52.4 percent between 1973 and 2011.