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Prepositions can also take the following complements: clauses (e.g., after you arrived), adjective phrases (e.g., accepted as valid), and other prepositional phrases (e.g., because of the problem). A preposition whose complement precedes it (e.g., the constitution notwithstanding ) may be called a postposition to distinguish it from more ...
Conversely, prepositions can typically be modified by right (e.g., right up the tree), while adjectives cannot. Finally, preposition phrases readily function as non-predicative adjuncts in clause structure (e.g., after dinner, there was dancing) while AdjPs are typically ungrammatical without a predicand (e.g., *Enjoyable, there was dancing).
Adjectives can be modified by a preceding adverb or adverb phrase, as in very warm, truly imposing, more than a little excited. Some can also be preceded by a noun or quantitative phrase, as in fat-free, two-meter-long. Complements following the adjective may include: prepositional phrases: proud of him, angry at the screen, keen on breeding toads;
The following are single-word prepositions that take clauses as complements. Prepositions marked with an asterisk in this section can only take non-finite clauses as complements. Note that dictionaries and grammars informed by concepts from traditional grammar may categorize these conjunctive prepositions as subordinating conjunctions.
Starboard: the right side of the ship, when facing forward (opposite of "port"). [1] Stern: the rear of a ship (opposite of "bow"). [1] Topside: the top portion of the outer surface of a ship on each side above the waterline. [1] Underdeck: a lower deck of a ship. [21] Yardarm: an end of a yard spar below a sail.
The remaining part of the phrase is called the prepositional complement, or sometimes the "object" of the preposition. In English and many other Indo-European languages it takes the form of a noun phrase, such as a noun, pronoun, or gerund, possibly with one or more modifiers. A prepositional phrase can function as an adjective or adverb.
Coordinate conjunction (C), determiner (D), negation (Neg), particle (Par), preposition (P) and prepositional phrase (PP), subordinate conjunction (Sub), etc. There is disagreement in certain areas, for instance concerning the status of prepositions. The distinction between lexical and functional categories plays a big role in Chomskyan ...
It ran [right up the tree]. (adverb modifying a prepositional phrase) [Only the dog] was saved. (adverb modifying a noun phrase) In some cases, noun phrases or quantifiers can act as modifiers: [A few more] workers are needed. (quantifier modifying a determiner) She's [two inches taller than her sister]. (noun phrase modifying an adjective)