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  2. List of unsolved problems in information theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Open Problems in Communication and Computation (PDF). Springer-Verlag; David Joyner; Jon-Lark Kim (2010). Selected Unsolved Problems in Coding Theory. New York: Springer. Longo, Giuseppe (1975). Information theory: new trends and open problems. Springer. ISBN 9783211813782. Tse, David (1996). "It's Easier to Approximate" (PDF).

  3. Four Corners Model for Payment Security - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Corners_Model_for...

    The Four Corners model, often referred to as the Four Party Scheme is the most used card scheme in card payment systems worldwide. This model was introduced in the 1990s. It is a user-friendly card payment system based on an interbank clearing system and economic model established on multilateral interchange fees (MIF) paid between banks or other payment institutions.

  4. ISO/IEC 7812 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812

    It specifies "a numbering system for the identification of the card issuers, the format of the issuer identification number (IIN) and the primary account number (PAN)", [1] and procedures for registering IINs. [2] It was first published in 1989. ISO/IEC 7812 has two parts: Part 1: Numbering system; Part 2: Application and registration procedures

  5. Card scheme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_scheme

    Card schemes are payment networks linked to payment cards, such as debit or credit cards, of which a bank or any other eligible financial institution can become a member. By becoming a member of gets the possibility to issue cards or acquire merchants operating on the network of that card scheme.

  6. ISO 8583 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8583

    ISO 8583 is an international standard for financial transaction card originated interchange messaging. It is the International Organization for Standardization standard for systems that exchange electronic transactions initiated by cardholders using payment cards.

  7. Incapital - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incapital

    While Incapital's expertise in underwriting and distributing investment-grade corporate bonds remains a core competency, the firm now originates and/or distributes offerings across multiple asset classes including corporate retail notes (InterNotes) market-linked products, agencies, mortgage-backed securities, certificates of deposit, preferred ...

  8. National Financial Switch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Financial_Switch

    The National Financial Switch was launched by the IDRBT on 27 August 2004, connecting the ATMs of three banks, Corporation Bank, Bank of Baroda and ICICI Bank. [3] [4] [5] The IDRBT then worked towards bringing all major banks in India on board and by December 2009, the network had grown to connect 49,880 ATMs of 37 banks, thereby emerging as the largest network of shared ATMs in the country.

  9. Issuer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issuer

    Issuer is a legal entity that develops, registers, and sells securities for the purpose of financing its operations. Issuers may be governments, corporations , or investment trusts . Issuers are legally responsible for the obligations of the issue, and for reporting financial conditions, material developments, and any other operational ...