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The Supplemental Poverty Measure, introduced in 2011, aims at providing a more accurate picture of the true extent of poverty in the United States by taking account of non-cash benefits and geographic variations. [64] According to this new measure, 16% of Americans lived in poverty in 2011, compared with the official figure of 15.2%.
These are defined by the US census as areas where "40 percent of the tract population [lives] below the federal poverty threshold." [2] A large body of literature argues that areas of concentrated poverty place additional burdens on poor families residing within them, burdens beyond what these families' individual circumstances would dictate.
The Census 2011 recorded 11.65 lakh rural houseless people, while in SECC their numbers were only 6.1 lakh. The provisional rural data of SECC 2011 shows Scheduled Castes at 18.46% (or 15.88 crore), Scheduled Tribes at 10.97% (9.27 crore), Others at 68.52%, and 2.04% (or 36.57 lakh) as “No Caste & Tribe” households.
[63] [64] The share of the world's population living in absolute poverty fell from 43% in 1981 to 14% in 2011. [65] The absolute number of people in poverty fell from 1.95 billion in 1981 to 1.01 billion in 2011. [66] The economist Max Roser estimates that the number of people in poverty is therefore roughly the same as 200 years ago. [66]
In 2011, soldiers carrying out the evictions targeted some villagers for beatings and rapes, killing at least seven, according to a report by Human Rights Watch and ICIJ’s interviews with people who were evicted.
The Census Bureau ranks all households by household income based on its surveys and then divides them into quintiles. The highest-ranked household in each quintile provides the upper income limit for that quintile. [250] Census data reflects market income without adjustments, and is not amenable to adjustment for taxes and transfers.
The Carstairs index makes use of data collected at the Census to calculate the relative deprivation of an area, therefore there have been four versions: 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011. The Carstairs indices are routinely produced and published [32] by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit at the University of Glasgow.
In the spring of 2011, the World Bank urged Kenya’s finance ministry to end the evictions until the bank could help the government work out a plan for addressing the Sengwer’s concerns. According to bank officials, Kenyan authorities agreed to stop the evictions until they found new land where the Sengwer could relocate.