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Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. [1] Early on there are often no symptoms. [1] Over time, however, some people experience a gradual worsening of vision that may affect one or both eyes. [1]
Induced pluripotent stem cell taken from blood cell and converted in retinal pigment epithelium. Stem cell therapy for macular degeneration is an emerging treatment approach aimed at restoring vision in individuals suffering from various forms of macular degeneration, particularly age-related macular degeneration (AMD). [1]
Layers of the eye, with the choroid labelled. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye.Choroidal neovascularization is a common cause of neovascular degenerative maculopathy (i.e. 'wet' macular degeneration) [1] commonly exacerbated by extreme myopia, malignant myopic degeneration, or age-related developments.
Replacement of the lens as treatment for cataract can cause pseudophakic macular edema (‘pseudophakia’ means ‘replacement lens’). This could occur as the surgery involved sometimes irritates the retina (and other parts of the eye) causing the capillaries in the retina to dilate and leak fluid into the retina.
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
The causes of macular edema are numerous and different causes may be inter-related. It is commonly associated with diabetes.Chronic or uncontrolled diabetes type 2 can affect peripheral blood vessels including those of the retina which may leak fluid, blood and occasionally fats into the retina causing it to swell.
Macular scarring is formation of the fibrous tissue in place of the normal retinal tissue on the macular area of the retina which provides the sharpest vision in the eyes. It is usually a result of an inflammatory or infectious process. [1] Other etiologies include macular pucker (macular detachment), macular hole, and age-related macular ...
Uveitis with poliosis of the eyelashes. The disease is characterised by bilateral diffuse uveitis, with pain, redness and blurring of vision.The eye symptoms may be accompanied by a varying constellation of systemic symptoms, such as auditory (tinnitus, [6] vertigo, [6] and hypoacusis), neurological (meningismus, with malaise, fever, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, stiffness of the neck and ...
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