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B-Raf is a 766-amino acid, regulated signal transduction serine/threonine-specific protein kinase.Broadly speaking, it is composed of three conserved domains characteristic of the Raf kinase family: conserved region 1 (CR1), a Ras-GTP-binding [11] self-regulatory domain, conserved region 2 (CR2), a serine-rich hinge region, and conserved region 3 (CR3), a catalytic protein kinase domain that ...
V600E is a mutation of the BRAF gene in which valine (V) is substituted by glutamic acid (E) at amino acid 600. [1] [2] It is a driver mutation in a proportion of certain diagnoses, including melanoma, [3] [4] hairy cell leukemia, [5] [6] papillary thyroid carcinoma, [7] [8] colorectal cancer, [9] non-small-cell lung cancer, [10] [11] Langerhans cell histiocytosis, [12] Erdheim–Chester ...
A neomorphic mutation causes a dominant gain of gene function that is different from the normal function. [1] A neomorphic mutation can cause ectopic mRNA or protein expression, or new protein functions from altered protein structure. Changing wildtype gene dose has no effect on the phenotype of a neomorph. [2] m/Df = m/+ = m/Dp
Vemurafenib only works in melanoma patients whose cancer has a V600E BRAF mutation (that is, at amino acid position number 600 on the B-Raf protein, the normal valine is replaced by glutamic acid). [4] About 60% of melanomas have this mutation. It also has efficacy against the rarer V600K BRAF (the normal valine is replaced by lysine) mutation ...
Unlike culinary bananas, wild-type bananas have numerous large, hard seeds.. The wild type (WT) is the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature. . Originally, the wild type was conceptualized as a product of the standard [1] "normal" allele at a locus, in contrast to that produced by a non-standard, "mutant"
Illustration of chromosome crossover during genetic recombination. In evolutionary genetics, Muller's ratchet (named after Hermann Joseph Muller, by analogy with a ratchet effect) is a process which, in the absence of recombination (especially in an asexual population), results in an accumulation of irreversible deleterious mutations.
In biology, polymorphism [1] is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species. To be classified as such, morphs must occupy the same habitat at the same time and belong to a panmictic population (one with random mating).
Recurrent evolution also referred to as repeated [1] [2] or replicated [3] evolution is the repeated evolution of a particular trait, character, or mutation. [4] Most evolution is the result of drift, often interpreted as the random chance of some alleles being passed down to the next generation and others not.