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Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·(H 2 O) x. Typically it is available as the white or colorless pentahydrate (x = 5), which is a white solid that dissolves well in water.
Sodium thiosulfate is a classical antidote to cyanide poisoning, [10] For this purpose it is used after the medication sodium nitrite and typically only recommended for severe cases. [4] [6] It is given by injection into a vein. [4] In this use, sodium nitrite creates methemoglobinemia which removes cyanide from mitochondria. [6]
Fixation is commonly achieved by treating the film or paper with a solution of thiosulfate salt. Popular salts are sodium thiosulfate—commonly called hypo—and ammonium thiosulfate—commonly used in modern rapid fixer formulae. [1] Fixation by thiosulfate involves these chemical reactions (X = halide, typically Br −): [2]
Thiosulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; sometimes thiosulphate in British English) is an oxyanion of sulfur with the chemical formula S 2 O 2− 3.Thiosulfate also refers to the compounds containing this anion, which are the salts of thiosulfuric acid, such as sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3 and ammonium thiosulfate (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 3.
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure.
Sodium thiosulfate and ammonium thiosulfate have been proposed as alternative lixiviants to cyanide for extraction of gold from ores [8] and printed circuit boards. [9] The complex [Au(S 2 O 3) 2] 3-is assumed to be the principal product in such extractions.
Sodium nitrite/sodium thiosulfate, sold under the brand name Nithiodote, is a fixed-dose combination medication used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. [1] It contains sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite. [1] It is given by intravenous infusion into a vein. [1] It was approved for medical use in the United States in January 2011. [2]
Nickel thiosulfate NiS 2 O 3 has the same structure as the magnesium salt. It has alternating layers of octahedral shaped nickel 2+ hexahydrate, and tetrahedral shaped S 2 O 3 2− perpendicular to the β direction. [6] When heated to 90 °C it decomposes to form NiS. NiS 2 O 3 can be made from BaS 2 O 3 and NiSO 4. [7]
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