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Hemorrhoids are fed by arteries and drained by veins. The arterial blood supply is based on the superior rectal (hemorrhoidal) artery. Just as veins in the leg weaken and become prominent, hemorrhoidal veins also may become varicose, resulting in internal hemorrhoids or “piles”. Internal hemorrhoids are divided into four grades.
Hemorrhoids are typically diagnosed by physical examination. [6] A visual examination of the anus and surrounding area may diagnose external or prolapsed hemorrhoids. [8] Visual confirmation of internal hemorrhoids, on the other hand, may require anoscopy, insertion of a hollow tube device with a light attached at one end. [5]
Hemorrhoidal artery embolization (HAE, or hemorrhoid artery embolization) is a non-surgical treatment of internal hemorrhoids. [ 1 ] The procedure involves blocking the abnormal blood flow to the rectal (hemorrhoidal) arteries using microcoils and/or microparticles to decrease the size of the hemorrhoids and improve hemorrhoid related symptoms ...
PPH uses a circular stapler to reduce the degree of prolapse. The procedure avoids the need for wounds in the sensitive perianal area thus reducing post-operative pain considerably, and facilitates a speedier return to normal activities. This procedure is for internal hemorrhoids only and not for external hemorrhoids or anal fissures. [2] [3] [4]
The rectal venous plexus consists of an external rectal plexus [4]: 598 [5]: 294 that is situated outside to the muscular wall, [3] [4]: 598 [5]: 294 and an internal rectal plexus [4]: 598 [5]: 294 that is situated in the submucosa [5]: 294 /deep to the mucosa [3] [4]: 598 of the rectum and proximal anal canal [3] at the anorectal junction.
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Rectal bleeding refers to bleeding in the rectum, thus a form of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.There are many causes of rectal hemorrhage, including inflamed hemorrhoids (which are dilated vessels in the perianal fat pads), rectal varices, proctitis (of various causes), stercoral ulcers, and infections.
These pierce the muscular coat of the bowel and run downward, as straight vessels, placed at regular intervals from each other in the wall of the gut between its muscular and mucous coats, to the level of the internal anal sphincter; here they form a series of loops around the lower end of the rectum, and communicate with the middle rectal ...