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1.5–3 depending on species 2 (Vespula pensylvanica) 2 2.x 4.0+ [4] [failed verification] Lights Not attracted to lights at night unless nest is disturbed, or light is placed near hive, or bee is sick. [5] Attracted to lights at night [6] [7] Lives in Large colonies of flat, wax-based honeycomb hanging vertically.
Adults live for about a week and most of their activity, including female oviposition and mating, occurs at night. [9] Males can be seen in their mating position anywhere between six and ten hours in a single night. [15] During the day, the adults hide in foliage close to bee hives. [9]
The forage sources for honey bees are an important consideration for beekeepers. In order to determine where to locate hives for maximum honey production and brood one must consider the off-season. If there are no honey flows the bees may have to be fed. Bees that are used for commercial pollination are usually fed in the holding yards.
Even in a normal hive, about 1% of workers have ovaries developed enough to lay eggs. However the usual number of the laid eggs is very small. Only eight eggs (seven moderately and one fully developed) were found after examining of 10,634 worker bees [2] (strong colony contains about 100,000). Workers eventually lay significant numbers of eggs ...
The amount of bee bread provided will directly affect the size of the offspring (more food = larger size). When the food has been eaten and the larva has fully developed, the larva will turn into a prepupa. Over the course of eleven months, the prepupa will undergo metamorphosis to become an adult bee. The adult bee will then dig to the surface ...
The entrance to this beehive is littered with chalkbrood mummies that have been expelled from the hive by hygienic worker bees. Ascosphaera apis causes a fungal disease that only affects bee brood, but adult bees can be carriers. [34] It infests the gut of the larvae before the cell is sealed or soon after. [35]
Pollen is collected by installing a pollen trap at the entrance of the bee hive. There are varying designs for pollen traps. The pollen trap makes access to the hive harder for the foraging bees. In the process of climbing through the pollen trap wires some pollen is loosened from the bee's pollen basket and falls into a collection container ...
While some colonies live in hives provided by humans, so-called "wild" colonies (although all honey bees remain wild, even when cultivated and managed by humans) typically prefer a nest site that is clean, dry, protected from the weather, about 20 litres (4.4 imp gal; 5.3 US gal) in volume with a 4–6 cm 2 (0.62–0.93 sq in) entrance about 3 ...