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Expansion of the caliphate, 622–750 CE: (Muhammad, 622–632 CE; Rashidun caliphate, 632–661 CE; Umayyad caliphate, 661–750 CE) Spanish Mapa de la expansión del califato Rashidun
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The Abbasid caliphate was struggling with political disturbances and losing its aura of universal legitimacy. There had previously been Coptic and Shia Alid-led movements in Egypt and Baghdad, without more than temporary and local success. There was also a struggle for power between the Turkish military command and the administration of Baghdad ...
Map of the Sokoto Caliphate in 1870 and surrounding states, including Bornu Although the Mai held a military advantage over the Fulani, al-Kanemi's contribution to this victory was clear. According to Dr. Heinrich Barth , a German explorer who visited Bornu in the 1850s, "the inspiring fanaticism of [al-Kanemi], and by the courage and valour of ...
Muslim Arab expansion in the first centuries after Muhammad's death soon established dynasties in North Africa, West Africa, to the Middle East, and south to Somalia by the Companions of the Prophet, most notably the Rashidun Caliphate and military advents of Khalid Bin Walid, Amr ibn al-As, and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas. The historic process of ...
A map depicting the expansion of the Caliphate. The areas highlighted in pink depict territorial expansion during Abd al-Malik's reign. Abd al-Malik is considered the most "celebrated" Umayyad caliph by the historian Julius Wellhausen. [105] "His reign had been a period of hard-won successes", in the words of Kennedy. [76]
The 3rd Rashidun Caliph, Uthman (r. 644–656) continued the policy of military expansion carried out by his predecessors, Umar and Abu Bakr.During his reign, the caliphate stretched from Tripolitania, Egypt, and Anatolia to Greater Khorasan and Sindh and reached its greatest extent in 654 CE.