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It was an obligatory subject of study in all institutions of higher education in the Soviet Union, [1] as a seminal work of dialectical materialism, a part of the curriculum called "Marxist–Leninist Philosophy". [2] Lenin argued that human minds are capable of forming representations of the world that portray the world as it is.
However, socialist theory in Russia, as elsewhere in Europe, was the product of the "educated representatives of the propertied classes", the intellectuals or "revolutionary socialist intellectuals". Lenin states that Karl Marx and Engels themselves, the very founders of modern scientific socialism , belonged to this bourgeois intelligentsia .
As a term, "Marxism–Leninism" is misleading because Marx and Lenin never sanctioned or supported the creation of an -ism after them, and is reveling because, being popularized after Lenin's death by Stalin, it contained three clear doctrinal and institutionalized principles that became a model for later Soviet-type regimes; its global ...
[1] [2] In other words, it was the Marxist-Leninist school of sociology. [3] The term "scientific communism" has been already used by Marx, Engels, Lenin, and other early communists; however it was used in reference to their point of view on the socialist and communist movements in the world, rather than a separate entire scientific discipline. [3]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Marxism: . Marxism – method of socioeconomic analysis that analyzes class relations and societal conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and a dialectical view of social transformation.
Marxist social democracy was strongest in Germany throughout the 19th century, and the Social Democratic Party of Germany inspired Lenin and other Russian Marxists. [ 18 ] During the revolutionary ferment of the Russian Revolution of 1905 and 1917, there arose working-class grassroots attempts of direct democracy with Soviets (Russian for ...
Leninism (Russian: Ленинизм, Leninizm) is a political ideology developed by Russian Marxist revolutionary Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party as the political prelude to the establishment of communism.
As Leninism developed, Lenin revised the established Marxist orthodoxy and introduced innovations in Marxist thought. [ 424 ] In his theoretical writings, particularly Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism , Lenin discussed what he regarded as developments in capitalism since Marx's death; in his view, it had reached the new stage of ...