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Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921 – April 28, 1999) was an American physicist who, along with Charles Townes, developed the theoretical basis for laser science. His central insight was the use of two mirrors as the resonant cavity to take maser action from microwaves to visible wavelengths.
Arthur Leonard Schawlow: 1921 Laser [125] 1996 Edmund Germer: 1901 Fluorescent lighting [126] 1996 Federico Faggin: 1941 Microprocessor, silicon-gate MOSFET transistor [127] 1996 Julius Nieuwland: 1878 Synthetic rubber [128] 1996 Marcian Hoff: 1937 Microprocessor [129] 1996 Stanley Mazor: 1941 Central processing unit (CPU) [130] 1997 Dennis L ...
The maser was the precursor to the laser, inspiring theoretical work by Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow that led to the invention of the laser in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. When the coherent optical oscillator was first imagined in 1957, it was originally called the "optical maser".
[1] [2] The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles H. Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow and the optical amplifier patented by Gordon Gould. [3] [4] [5] A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light that is coherent.
Doppler cooling was simultaneously proposed by two groups in 1975, the first being David J. Wineland and Hans Georg Dehmelt [1] and the second being Theodor W. Hänsch and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. [2] It was first demonstrated by Wineland, Drullinger, and Walls in 1978 [3] and shortly afterwards by Neuhauser, Hohenstatt, Toschek and Dehmelt. [4]
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Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist. [4] [5] Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices.
Psychologists Arthur and Elaine Aron are known for research behind the “36 Questions That Lead to Love.” They share how their relationship has lasted over 50 years.