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Wu Sangui (Chinese: 吳三桂; pinyin: Wú Sānguì; Wade–Giles: Wu San-kuei; 8 June 1612 – 2 October 1678), courtesy name Changbai (長白) or Changbo (長伯), was a Chinese military leader who played a key role in the fall of the Ming dynasty and the founding of the Qing dynasty.
Chen Yuanyuan (陳圓圓; Chén Yuányuán) is Wu Sangui's concubine and is regarded as the most beautiful woman in the Ming Empire at the time. Li Zicheng seizes her as a trophy after occupying Beijing, causing Wu Sangui to defect to the Manchus. She appears again in The Deer and the Cauldron as the mother of Ake, one of Wei Xiaobao's seven wives.
Ma Bao (馬寶; Má Bǎo) is a general serving under Wu Sangui. Yang Yizhi (楊溢之; Yáng Yìzhī) is a military officer serving under Wu Sangui and an attendant to Wu Yingxiong. An honourable man who remains loyal to the Qing Empire despite serving under Wu Sangui, he becomes sworn brothers with Wei Xiaobao at one point.
After some deliberation, Wu Sangui decided to resist the new Shun regime, having heard that Li Zicheng had ordered Wu's family executed. [52] On May 3 and May 10 Wu Sangui twice defeated the Shun vanguard led by the turncoat Tang Tong, [53] but he knew that his force alone was insufficient to fight Li Zicheng's main army. [54]
In 1644, after the Chinese rebel Li Zicheng had overthrown the Ming dynasty, loyalist Chinese general Wu Sangui invited Qing forces to drive Li out of Beijing. Qing ruled north China for 40 years until 1683 when they won a civil war against their former loyal vassals in south China, and thereby gained rule over all of China proper. [17]
May 3: Li Zicheng sends the recently surrendered general Tang Tong to attack Wu Sangui at Shanhai Pass. [17] May 5: Wu Sangui routs Tang Tong's army. [17] May 10: Tang Tong's defeated army returns toward Shanhai Pass with reinforcements led by Bai Guang'en (白廣恩), but their joint army is again defeated by Wu Sangui. [17]
The combined hilltop fortress and Buddhist temple was built in the Ming Dynasty [1] and was once home to famous Ming general Wu Sangui. [2] Several relics of Wu Sangui are on display including his sword, robe, and water bucket. There is also an exhibit of costumes and photos from local Dixi Opera or "ground opera" performances.
Chen Yuanyuan (c. 1623–1689 or 1695) [1] [2] was a Chinese courtesan who later became the concubine of military leader Wu Sangui.In Chinese folklore, the Shun army's capture of her in 1644 prompted Wu's fateful decision to let the Qing armies enter China proper through Shanhai Pass, thereby sealing the fate of the Ming dynasty.
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