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Primary insomnia is a sleep disorder not attributable to a medical, psychiatric, or environmental cause. [127] There are three main types of primary insomnia. These include psychophysiological, idiopathic insomnia, and sleep state misperception (paradoxical insomnia). [124] Psychophysiological insomnia is anxiety-induced.
The concept of the word insomnia has two distinct possibilities: insomnia disorder (ID) or insomnia symptoms, and many abstracts of randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews often underreport on which of these two possibilities the word refers to. [13] Insomnia can occur independently or as a result of another problem. [2]
In linguistics, Immediate Constituent Analysis (ICA) is a syntactic theory which focuses on the hierarchical structure of sentences by isolating and identifying the constituents. While the idea of breaking down sentences into smaller components can be traced back to early psychological and linguistic theories, ICA as a formal method was ...
Insomnia is the most common sleep problem, with many adults reporting occasional insomnia, and 10–15% reporting a chronic condition. [117] Insomnia can have many different causes, including psychological stress, a poor sleep environment, an inconsistent sleep schedule, or excessive mental or physical stimulation in the hours before bedtime ...
Middle-of-the-night insomnia, or "sleep maintenance insomnia", also called terminal insomnia in contrast with "initial insomnia", is characterized by having difficulty returning to sleep after waking up during the night or very early in the morning. Initial or "sleep-onset" insomnia consists of having difficulty falling asleep at the beginning ...
Sleep hygiene is a behavioral and environmental practice [2] developed in the late 1970s as a method to help people with mild to moderate insomnia. [2] Clinicians assess the sleep hygiene of people with insomnia and other conditions, such as depression, and offer recommendations based on the assessment.
A 2021 meta-analysis conducted a systematic review of randomised control trials and experimental studies comparing PI for insomnia to passive and active comparators. Results showed that relative to passive comparators, PI showed radical improvements in several key insomnia symptoms with moderate improvements as compared to active comparators. [6]
Sleep state misperception (SSM) is a term in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) most commonly used for people who mistakenly perceive their sleep as wakefulness, [1] [2] though it has been proposed that it can be applied to those who severely overestimate their sleep time as well [3] ("positive" sleep state misperception). [4]