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Earth materials include minerals, rocks, soil and water. These are the naturally occurring materials found on Earth that constitute the raw materials upon which our global society exists. Earth materials are vital resources that provide the basic components for life, agriculture and industry. [1] [2] [3]
The Earth's crust is one "reservoir" for measurements of abundance. A reservoir is any large body to be studied as unit, like the ocean, atmosphere, mantle or crust. Different reservoirs may have different relative amounts of each element due to different chemical or mechanical processes involved in the creation of the reservoir.
Values Development (Values Education 2) Principles of Science/Technology Research (Research 1) Physical Education and Health 4 (PEH 4), Preparatory Military Training (PMT) Earth Science P.E., Health, Music 2 (PEHM 2) Experimental Science, Technology Research (Research 2) Technology Preparation Art II / Drafting II Elective Elective
Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]
Crustal recycling is a tectonic process by which surface material from the lithosphere is recycled into the mantle by subduction erosion or delamination. The subducting slabs carry volatile compounds and water into the mantle, as well as crustal material with an isotopic signature different from that of primitive mantle.
Regolith (/ ˈ r ɛ ɡ ə l ɪ θ /) [1] [2] is a blanket of unconsolidated, loose, heterogeneous superficial deposits covering solid rock. It includes dust , broken rocks, and other related materials and is present on Earth , the Moon , Mars , some asteroids , and other terrestrial planets and moons .
Superficial deposits processes of ore formation include; Erosion of non-ore material. Deposition by sedimentary processes, including winnowing, density separation (e.g.; gold placers). Weathering via oxidation or chemical attack of a rock, either liberating rock fragments or creating chemically deposited clays, laterites, or supergene enrichment.
Earth structure – Building or other structure made largely from soil; Gabion – Cage full of rock; Keyline design – Landscaping to optimize water usage; Land restoration – Process of restoring land to a different state; Grading (earthworks) – In civil engineering, creating a profile; Spoil tip – Pile built of accumulated spoil