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The Standard Template Library (STL) is a software library originally designed by Alexander Stepanov for the C++ programming language that influenced many parts of the C++ Standard Library. It provides four components called algorithms , containers , functions , and iterators .
The use of templates as a metaprogramming technique requires two distinct operations: a template must be defined, and a defined template must be instantiated.The generic form of the generated source code is described in the template definition, and when the template is instantiated, the generic form in the template is used to generate a specific set of source code.
The factorial function is a common feature in scientific calculators. [73] It is also included in scientific programming libraries such as the Python mathematical functions module [74] and the Boost C++ library. [75]
Templates are a feature of the C++ programming language that allows functions and classes to operate with generic types.This allows a function or class declaration to reference via a generic variable another different class (built-in or newly declared data type) without creating full declaration for each of these different classes.
Since function Factorial is marked consteval, it is guaranteed to invoke at compile-time without being forced in another manifestly constant-evaluated context. Hence, the usage of immediate functions offers wide uses in metaprogramming, and compile-time checking (used in C++20 text formatting library).
The C++ Standard Library is based upon conventions introduced by the Standard Template Library (STL), and has been influenced by research in generic programming and developers of the STL such as Alexander Stepanov and Meng Lee. [4] [5] Although the C++ Standard Library and the STL share many features, neither is a strict superset of the other.
This defines the factorial function using its recursive definition. In contrast, it is more typical to define a procedure for an imperative language. In lisps and lambda calculus, functions are generally first-class citizens. Loosely, this means that functions can be inputs and outputs for other functions.
(Here we use the standard notations and conventions of lambda calculus: Y is a function that takes one argument f and returns the entire expression following the first period; the expression . ( ) denotes a function that takes one argument x, thought of as a function, and returns the expression ( ), where ( ) denotes x applied to itself ...