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  2. Belief - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief

    A belief is a subjective attitude that something is true or a state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some stance, take, or opinion about something. [1]

  3. Religiosity and intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religiosity_and_intelligence

    The authors also investigated the link between belief in a god and average national IQs in 137 countries. The authors reported a correlation of 0.60 between atheism rates and level of intelligence, which was determined to be "highly statistically significant". [6] ('Belief in a god' is not identical to 'religiosity.'

  4. Criteria of truth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criteria_of_truth

    This criterion posits that over time erroneous beliefs and logical errors will be revealed, while if the belief is true, the mere passage of time cannot adversely affect its validity. Time is an inadequate test for truth, since it is subject to similar flaws as custom and tradition (which are simply specific variations of the time factor).

  5. Gettier problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettier_problem

    The Gettier problem, in the field of epistemology, is a landmark philosophical problem concerning the understanding of descriptive knowledge.Attributed to American philosopher Edmund Gettier, Gettier-type counterexamples (called "Gettier-cases") challenge the long-held justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge.

  6. Belief bias - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief_bias

    Various studies have proved that the time period for which a subject is allowed to think when evaluating arguments is related to the tendency for belief bias to take place. In a study done by Evans and Holmes in 2005, [12] they recruited two different groups of people to answer a series of reasoning questions. One group of people were given ...

  7. Scientism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientism

    Scientism is the belief that science and the scientific method are the best or only way to render truth about the world and reality. [1] [2]While the term was defined originally to mean "methods and attitudes typical of or attributed to natural scientists", some scholars, as well as political and religious leaders, have also adopted it as a pejorative term with the meaning "an exaggerated ...

  8. Justification (epistemology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justification_(epistemology)

    Reformed epistemology – Beliefs are warranted by proper cognitive function—proposed by Alvin Plantinga. Evidentialism – Beliefs depend solely on the evidence for them. Reliabilism – A belief is justified if it is the result of a reliable process. Infallibilism – Knowledge is incompatible with the possibility of being wrong.

  9. Anthropology of religion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion

    Communal: elaborate set of beliefs and practices; group of people arranged in clans by lineage, age group, or some religious societies; people take on roles based on knowledge, and ancestral worship. Ecclesiastical: dominant in agricultural societies and states; are centrally organized and hierarchical in structure, paralleling the organization ...