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The flehmen response (/ ˈ f l eɪ m ən /; from German flehmen, to bare the upper teeth, and Upper Saxon German flemmen, to look spiteful), also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehmen grimace, flehming, or flehmening, is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhales with the nostrils usually closed, and then often holds this position ...
A feedback model of the motivation-volition process. Lower labels are terminology of Zimmerman. [1] [2] In psychological theories of motivation, the Rubicon model, more completely the Rubicon model of action phases, makes a distinction between motivational and volitional processes. The Rubicon model "defines clear boundaries between ...
Tapir showing the flehmen response The proboscis of the tapir is a highly flexible organ, able to move in all directions, allowing the animals to grab foliage that would otherwise be out of reach. Tapirs often exhibit the flehmen response , a posture in which they raise their snouts and show their teeth to detect scents.
A Theory of Achievement Motivation, By John William Atkinson and Norman T. Feather, Volume 6, Wiley, (1966), Krieger Pub Co (June 1, 1974), ISBN 0-88275-166-2 Motivation and Achievement , By John William Atkinson and Joel O. Raynor , Winston; [distributed by Halsted Press Division, New York] (1974) ISBN 0-470-03626-5 , ISBN 978-0-470-03626-6
978-0-06-041987-5 Motivation and Personality [ 1 ] is a book on psychology by Abraham Maslow , first published in 1954. Maslow's work deals with the subject of the nature of human fulfillment and the significance of personal relationships, implementing a conceptualization of self-actualization . [ 2 ]
The hypothalamus responds to these motivations by regulating activity in the endocrine system to release hormones to alter the behaviour of the animal. [5] These hormones include epinephrine (adrenaline) to increase blood flow and heart rate for a sufficient fight-or-flight response, [ 6 ] and ghrelin , which is commonly described as "the ...
The theory differentiates between various types of motivational states, distinguishes the organizational conditions where extrinsic rewards are more effective than intrinsic rewards, examines individual differences in orientation toward intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation and discusses managerial behavior that can enhance intrinsic motivation.
Maslow proposed his hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review. [1] The theory is a classification system intended to reflect the universal needs of society as its base, then proceeding to more acquired emotions. [18]