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([2] page 364) The Sommerfeld extensions of the 1913 solar system Bohr model of the hydrogen atom showing the addition of elliptical orbits to explain spectral fine structure. The Bohr–Sommerfeld model (also known as the Sommerfeld model or Bohr–Sommerfeld theory ) was an extension of the Bohr model to allow elliptical orbits of electrons ...
The prevailing model of atomic structure before Rutherford's experiments was devised by J. J. Thomson. [2]: 123 Thomson had discovered the electron through his work on cathode rays [3] and proposed that they existed within atoms, and an electric current is electrons hopping from one atom to an adjacent one in a series.
In a May 1911 paper, [7] Rutherford presented his own physical model for subatomic structure, as an interpretation for the unexpected experimental results. [2] In it, the atom is made up of a central charge (this is the modern atomic nucleus, though Rutherford did not use the term "nucleus" in his paper). Rutherford only committed himself to a ...
When Bohr began his work on a new atomic theory in the summer of 1912 [8]: 237 the atomic model proposed by J J Thomson, now known as the Plum pudding model, was the best available. [9]: 37 Thomson proposed a model with electrons rotating in coplanar rings within an atomic-sized, positively-charged, spherical volume. Thomson showed that this ...
1914 Ernest Rutherford suggests that the positively charged atomic nucleus contains protons [4] 1914 James Franck and Gustav Hertz observe atomic excitation; 1915 Arnold Sommerfeld develops a modified Bohr atomic model with elliptic orbits to explain relativistic fine structure
The Hartree–Fock method is also used in atomic physics and condensed matter physics as Density Functional Theory, DFT. The process of solving the Hartree–Fock equations can only be iterative, since these are in fact a Schrödinger equation in which the potential depends on the density , that is, precisely on the wavefunctions to be determined.
Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Atomic physics typically refers to the study of atomic structure and the interaction between atoms. [ 1 ]
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. [1] For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 , meaning that the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells are occupied by two, two, and six ...