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Bladder cancer is much more common in men than women; around 1.1% of men and 0.27% of women develop bladder cancer. [2] This makes bladder cancer the sixth most common cancer in men, and the seventeenth in women. [69] When women are diagnosed with bladder cancer, they tend to have more advanced disease and consequently a poorer prognosis. [69]
Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) is an exophytic (outward growing), (microscopically) nipple-shaped (or papillary) pre-malignant growth of the lining of the upper genitourinary tract (the urothelium), which includes the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder and part of the urethra.
A benign tumor is a mass of cells that does not invade neighboring tissue or metastasize (spread throughout the body). Compared to malignant (cancerous) tumors, benign tumors generally have a slower growth rate. Benign tumors have relatively well differentiated cells.
It accounts for 95% of bladder cancer cases and bladder cancer is in the top 10 most common malignancy disease in the world and is associated with approximately 200,000 deaths per year in the US. [2] [3] It is the second most common type of kidney cancer, but accounts for only five to 10 percent of all primary renal malignant tumors. [4]
Cystitis cystica can show up on a CT urogram as a number of small, rounded filling defects in the bladder wall that range in size from 2 to 5 mm. Lesions can also occasionally appear as a large, tumor-like mass.
[2] [4] Transitional cell carcinoma is "a common cause of ureter cancer and other urinary (renal pelvic) tract cancers." [1] Because the inside of the ureters and the inside of the bladder contain the same cell type, people who have been diagnosed with ureteral cancer are more likely to also be diagnosed with bladder cancer, and vice versa. [3]
The bladder (from Old English blædre ' bladder, blister, pimple ') is a hollow organ in humans and other vertebrates that stores urine from the kidneys. In placental mammals, urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra during urination. [1] [2] In humans, the bladder is a distensible organ that sits on the pelvic floor.
The ureters are 1.5–6 mm (0.06–0.24 in) in diameter [1] and surrounded by a layer of smooth muscle for 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) near their ends just before they enter the bladder. [2] The ureters enter the bladder from its back surface, traveling 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in) before opening into the bladder at an angle on its outer back surface ...
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