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The industrial route to 2- and 4-chlorotoluene entails direct reaction of toluene with chlorine. The more valuable 4-chlorotoluene is separated from 2-chlorotoluene by distillation. Distillation cannot be applied to separating 3-chlorotoluene from 4-chlorotoluene.
4-Chloro-o-toluidine (4-COT, 4-chloro-2-methylaniline) is the organic compound with the formula CH 3 C 6 H 3 Cl(NH 2). It is a colorless solid. The compound is produced as an intermediate to the pesticide chlordimeform and a precursor to some azo dyes. Production has declined after it was shown to be highly carcinogenic.
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This mixture is separated by distillation. 2-Nitrotoluene is hydrogenated to give o-toluidine. [2] The conversion of o-toluidine to the diazonium salt gives access to the 2-bromo, 2-cyano-, and 2-chlorotoluene derivatives. [3] [4] [5] N-acetylation is also demonstrated. [6]
Benzyl chloride, or α-chlorotoluene, is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 Cl. This colorless liquid is a reactive organochlorine compound that is a widely used chemical building block .
It undergoes sulfonation to give p-toluenesulfonic acid, and chlorination by Cl 2 in the presence of FeCl 3 to give ortho and para isomers of chlorotoluene. Nitration of toluene gives mono-, di-, and trinitrotoluene, all of which are widely used. Dinitrotoluene is the precursor to toluene diisocyanate, a precursor to polyurethane foam.
For example, 2,6-dichlorotoluene can be prepared by chlorination of 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride followed by desulfonation. [1] Some dichlorotoluenes are precursors to commercial pesticides. 2,4-Dichlorotoluene is the precursor to pyrifenox, butafenacil, and the pyrazole derivatives pyrazoxyfen and [pyrazolynate]].
For the binary distillation depicted in Figure 1, the required number of theoretical plates is 6. Constructing a McCabe–Thiele diagram is not always straightforward. In continuous distillation with a varying reflux ratio, the mole fraction of the lighter component in the top part of the distillation column will decrease as the reflux ratio ...