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Rarely, tetanus can be contracted through surgical procedures, intramuscular injections, compound fractures, and dental infections. [1] Animal bites can transmit tetanus. [1] Tetanus is often associated with rust, especially rusty nails. Although rust itself does not cause tetanus, objects that accumulate rust are often found outdoors or in ...
Their risk of infection can be significantly reduced if those who are most likely to infect them get the appropriate vaccines. [citation needed] Vaccination works by training the immune system to react promptly to an infection, warding off illness (acquired immunity). People with weak immune systems may have difficulty acquiring and retaining ...
One of the reasons the illness is more common in infants is because babies can't receive the vaccine until they’re at least 2 months old and can catch it from their parents, caregivers or other ...
In immunology, passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies.Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially, when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin (obtained from humans, horses, or other animals) are transferred to non-immune ...
Individual immunity can also be gained passively, when antibodies to a pathogen are transferred from one individual to another. This can occur naturally, whereby maternal antibodies, primarily immunoglobulin G antibodies, are transferred across the placenta and in colostrum to fetuses and newborns.
The function of tetanolysin is unclear, although it may help C. tetani to establish infection within a wound. [6] [1] Tetanospasmin ("tetanus toxin") is a potent toxin with an estimated lethal dose less than 2.5 nanograms per kilogram of body weight, and is responsible for the symptoms of tetanus.
Tetanus is a medical emergency that requires hospitalization, immediate treatment with human tetanus immune globulin (TIG), the tetanus vaccine, drugs to control muscle spasms, aggressive wound care, antibiotics, and depending on how severe the infection is, the patient may need to be put on a ventilator (a machine that breathes for you).
In these cases, the basic reproduction number of the virus, which is the average number of additional people that a single case will infect without any preventative measures, can be as high as 203.9. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Interhuman transmission is a synonym for HHT.