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  2. Bayes' theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_theorem

    Once again, the answer can be reached without using the formula by applying the conditions to a hypothetical number of cases. For example, if the factory produces 1,000 items, 200 will be produced by A, 300 by B, and 500 by C. Machine A will produce 5% × 200 = 10 defective items, B 3% × 300 = 9, and C 1% × 500 = 5, for a total of 24.

  3. Null distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_distribution

    However, the true distribution is often unknown and a proper null distribution ought to be used to represent the data. For example, one sample and two samples tests of means can use t statistics which have Gaussian null distribution, while F statistics, testing k groups of population means, which have Gaussian quadratic form the null ...

  4. Propositional calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_calculus

    Mathematicians sometimes distinguish between propositional constants, propositional variables, and schemata. Propositional constants represent some particular proposition, [56] while propositional variables range over the set of all atomic propositions. [56] Schemata, or schematic letters, however, range over all formulas.

  5. Polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

    A strip of eight PCR tubes, each containing a 100 μL reaction mixture Placing a strip of eight PCR tubes into a thermal cycler. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.

  6. Economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics

    The earlier term for the discipline was "political economy", but since the late 19th century, it has commonly been called "economics". [22] The term is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia) which is a term for the "way (nomos) to run a household (oikos)", or in other words the know-how of an οἰκονομικός (oikonomikos), or "household or homestead manager".

  7. Phillip Allen Sharp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp

    Phillip Allen Sharp (born June 6, 1944) is an American geneticist and molecular biologist who co-discovered RNA splicing.He shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard J. Roberts for "the discovery that genes in eukaryotes are not contiguous strings but contain introns, and that the splicing of messenger RNA to delete those introns can occur in different ways, yielding ...

  8. “Be Careful Who You Mess With!”: 48 Glorious Times People ...

    www.aol.com/careful-mess-48-glorious-times...

    Image credits: Suwi #7. I was working at a daily newspaper and going to law school at night. My immediate boss resented this and kept changing my work schedule to try to mess up my schooling.

  9. Mereology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mereology

    Mereology (/ m ɪər i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i /; from Greek μέρος 'part' (root: μερε-, mere-) and the suffix -logy, 'study, discussion, science') is the philosophical study of part-whole relationships, also called parthood relationships.