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  2. Zinc finger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_finger

    Zinc fingers were first identified in a study of transcription in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis in the laboratory of Aaron Klug.A study of the transcription of a particular RNA sequence revealed that the binding strength of a small transcription factor (transcription factor IIIA; TFIIIA) was due to the presence of zinc-coordinating finger-like structures. [6]

  3. Zinc-finger nuclease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc-finger_nuclease

    The DNA-binding domains of individual ZFNs typically contain between three and six individual zinc finger repeats and can each recognize between 9 and 18 basepairs. If the zinc finger domains perfectly recognize a 3 basepair DNA sequence, they can generate a 3-finger array that can recognize a 9 basepair target site.

  4. Cell death - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_death

    Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis. Cell death is the event of a biological cell ceasing to carry out its functions. This may be the result of the natural process of old cells dying and being replaced by new ones, as in programmed cell death, or may result from factors such as diseases, localized injury, or the death of the organism of which the cells are part.

  5. Programmed cell death - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death

    Programmed cell death (PCD; sometimes referred to as cellular suicide [1]) is the death of a cell as a result of events inside of a cell, such as apoptosis or autophagy. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] PCD is carried out in a biological process , which usually confers advantage during an organism's lifecycle .

  6. Transcription activator-like effector nuclease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_activator...

    In addition, it has been used to engineer stably modified human embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSCs) clones and human erythroid cell lines, [11] [28] to generate knockout C. elegans, [12] knockout rats, [13] knockout mice, [29] and knockout zebrafish. [14] [30] Moreover, the method can be used to generate knockin organisms.

  7. Cell fate determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_fate_determination

    This kind of positive feedback at the single cell level and tissue level is responsible for symmetry breaking, which is an all-or-none process whereas once the symmetry is broken, the cells involved become very different. Symmetry breaking leads to a bistable or multistable system where the cell or cells involved are determined for different ...

  8. ZNF238 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZNF238

    ZNF238 is a gene that plays a major role in the "promotion of ordered and correctly timed neurogenesis leading to proper layer formation and cortical growth." [7] The loss of ZNF238 has been observed to cause microcephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, malformation of layers in the cerebral cortex, and cerebellar hypoplasia. [7]

  9. Identification of cell death - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identification_of_cell_death

    Dying cells are engaged in a process that is reversible until a first irreversible phase or "point-of-no-return" is trespassed. Necrosis is an unprogrammed death of cells, which involves early plasma membrane changes leading to loss of calcium and sodium imbalance. This causes acidosis, osmotic shock, clumping of chromatin and nuclear pyknosis.