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The Chézy formula describes mean flow velocity in turbulent open channel flow and is used broadly in fields related to fluid mechanics and fluid dynamics. Open channels refer to any open conduit, such as rivers, ditches, canals, or partially full pipes. The Chézy formula is defined for uniform equilibrium and non-uniform, gradually varied flows.
The Chézy equation is a pioneering formula in the field of fluid mechanics, and was expanded and modified by Irish engineer Robert Manning in 1889 [1] as the Manning formula. The Chézy formula concerns the velocity of water flowing through conduits and is widely celebrated for its use in open channel flow calculations. [ 2 ]
Before choosing a formula it is worth knowing that in the paper on the Moody chart, Moody stated the accuracy is about ±5% for smooth pipes and ±10% for rough pipes. If more than one formula is applicable in the flow regime under consideration, the choice of formula may be influenced by one or more of the following:
The wall shear stress τ is dependent on the flow velocity u, they can be related by using e.g. the Darcy–Weisbach equation, Manning formula or Chézy formula. Further, equation ( 1 ) is the continuity equation , expressing conservation of water volume for this incompressible homogeneous fluid.
The conversion factor k was chosen so that the values for C were the same as in the Chézy formula for the typical hydraulic slope of S=0.001. [9] The value of k is 0.001 −0.04. [10] Typical C factors used in design, which take into account some increase in roughness as pipe ages are as follows: [11]
Darcy-Weisbach formula: used to model pressurized flow under a broader range of hydraulic conditions; Chezy-Manning formula: used to model pressurized flow by using Chezy's roughness coefficients for Manning's equation; Since the pipe segment headloss equation is used within the network solver, the formula above is selected for the entire model.
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field.
Chézy may refer to: . People. Antoine de Chézy (1718–1798), French hydraulic engineer; Antoine-Léonard de Chézy (1773–1832), French orientalist; Helmina von Chézy (1783–1856), German journalist, poet and playwright