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Ferromagnetism is an unusual property that occurs in only a few substances. The common ones are the transition metals iron, nickel, and cobalt, as well as their alloys and alloys of rare-earth metals. It is a property not just of the chemical make-up of a material, but of its crystalline structure and microstructure.
The three elements above the platinum group in the periodic table (iron, nickel and cobalt) are all ferromagnetic; these, together with the lanthanide element gadolinium (at temperatures below 20 °C), [4] are the only known transition metals that display ferromagnetism near room temperature.
Metallic iron and the alloy alnico are examples of ferromagnetic materials involving transition metals. Antiferromagnetism is another example of a magnetic property arising from a particular alignment of individual spins in the solid state.
This compensation point is observed easily in garnets and rare-earth–transition-metal alloys (RE-TM). Furthermore, ferrimagnets may also have an angular momentum compensation point, at which the net angular momentum vanishes. This compensation point is crucial for achieving fast magnetization reversal in magnetic-memory devices.
Gadolinium metal is attacked readily by dilute sulfuric acid to form ... Magnevist is the most widespread example. ... ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transition at 293. ...
Nickel is a silvery-white metal with a slight golden tinge that takes a high polish. It is one of only four elements that are ferromagnetic at or near room temperature; the others are iron, cobalt and gadolinium. Its Curie temperature is 355 °C (671 °F), meaning that bulk nickel is non-magnetic above this temperature.
Many others have since been found. Kagome magnets occur in a variety of crystal and magnetic structures, generally featuring a 3d-transition-metal kagome lattice with in-plane period ~5.5 Å. Examples include antiferromagnet Mn 3 Sn, paramagnet CoSn, ferrimagnet TbMn 6 Sn 6, hard ferromagnet (and Weyl semimetal) Co 3 Sn 2 S 2, and soft ...
As a result, its bonds with transition metals are rather polarizable, which is favorable for ferroelectricity. Transition metals and oxygen tend to be earth abundant, non-toxic, stable and environmentally benign. Many multiferroics have the perovskite structure. This is in part historical – most of the well-studied ferroelectrics are ...