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Near-surface air temperature, the temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth; Sea surface temperature, the temperature of water close to the ocean's surface; Global surface temperature, the combined global average of near-surface air temperature and sea surface temperature; Surface temperature of a star, often the effective temperature
Projected global surface temperature changes relative to 1850–1900, based on CMIP6 multi-model mean changes. The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report defines global mean surface temperature (GMST) as the "estimated global average of near-surface air temperatures over land and sea ice, and sea surface temperature (SST) over ice-free ocean regions, with changes normally expressed as departures from a ...
The temperature of the air near the surface of the Earth is measured at meteorological observatories and weather stations, usually using thermometers placed in a shelter such as a Stevenson screen—a standardized, well-ventilated, white-painted instrument shelter. The thermometers should be positioned 1.25–2 m above the ground.
An example is the 2-metre temperature, which is the standard height for near-surface observations of air temperature. This temperature is not directly predicted from the model but is deduced from surface and lowest-model-layer temperatures. Other software is used for creating plots and animations.
Land surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month between 2000-2008. [ 7 ] Sea surface temperature anomalies for a given month compared to the long-term average temperature of that month from 1985 through 1997.
Changes in surface air temperature over the past 50 years. [1] The Arctic has warmed the most, and temperatures on land have generally increased more than sea surface temperatures. Earth's average surface air temperature has increased almost 1.5 °C (about 2.5 °F) since the Industrial Revolution. Natural forces cause some variability, but the ...
For example, in a scenario where the actual temperature is 10 degrees but the "feels like" temperature is -5 degrees, what that really means is that the wind chill is making it feel as if the air ...
Surface air temperature change over the past 50 years. [30] Observed temperature from NASA [ 31 ] vs the 1850–1900 average used by the IPCC as a pre-industrial baseline. [ 32 ] The primary driver for increased global temperatures in the industrial era is human activity, with natural forces adding variability.