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Cathepsin D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSD gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This gene encodes a lysosomal aspartyl protease composed of a protein dimer of disulfide -linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single protein precursor.
Cathepsin D (an aspartyl protease) appears to cleave a variety of substrates such as fibronectin and laminin. Unlike some of the other cathepsins, cathepsin D has some protease activity at neutral pH. [12] High levels of this enzyme in tumor cells seems to be associated with greater invasiveness.
Aspartic proteases (also "aspartyl proteases", "aspartic endopeptidases") are a catalytic type of protease enzymes that use an activated water molecule bound to one or more aspartate residues for catalysis of their peptide substrates.
C. C1-inhibitor; C1QTNF4 (gene) C1QTNF5; C11orf1; C11orf16; C11orf49; C11orf52; C11orf53; C11orf54; C11orf86; C11orf87; C11orf91; C11ORF97; C11orf98; Calcitonin ...
The structure of papain was among the earliest protein structures experimentally determined by X-ray crystallography. [3] [10] [9] Many papain-like protease enzymes function as monomers, though a few, such as cathepsin C (Dipeptidyl-peptidase I), are homotetramers.
Cathepsin C (CTSC) also known as dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPP-I) is a lysosomal exo-cysteine protease belonging to the peptidase C1 protein family, a subgroup of the cysteine cathepsins. In humans, it is encoded by the CTSC gene .
The enzyme is also known as Human Protective Protein. It is a lysosomal serine carboxypeptidase. The enzyme is a zymogen and must be processed to produce a 32 kDa and 20 kDa large and small subunit, respectively, to become catalytically active. Cathespin L can activate Cathepsin A in vitro. [6] [7]
Cathepsin S is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTSS gene. [5] Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyadenylation signals exist for this gene. [5]Cathepsin S is a member of the peptidase C1 family of cysteine cathepsins, a lysosomal cysteine protease that may participate in the degradation of antigenic proteins to peptides for presentation to the MHC class II.
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