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A well known dipeptide is aspartame, an artificial sweetener. [1] Glycylglycine is the simplest dipeptide. Dipeptides are white solids. Many are far more water-soluble than the parent amino acids. [1] For example, the dipeptide Ala-Gln has the solubility of 586 g/L more than 10x the solubility of Gln (35 g/L).
Given these clues and knowledge that bacteria transcribe (see Transcription (genetics)) proteins starting with N-formylmethionine whereas eukaryotic cells mostly initiate protein synthesis with non-formylated methionine, Schiffmann, Corcoran, and Wahl theorized and then showed that N-formyl-methionine and a series N-formyl-methionyl dipeptides ...
Dipeptidases hydrolyze bound pairs of amino acids, called dipeptides. Dipeptidases are secreted onto the brush border of the villi in the small intestine, where they cleave dipeptides into their two component amino acids prior to absorption. They are also found within the enterocytes themselves, performing cytosolic digestion of absorbed ...
Hydrolysis of dipeptides (e.g., leukotriene D 4, cystinyl-bis-glycine, some β-lactam antibiotics (e.g., carbapenem)) This membrane-bound, zinc enzyme has broad specificity. Inhibitors include bestatin and cilastatin .
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Dipeptidase 1 (DPEP1), or renal dipeptidase, is a membrane-bound glycoprotein responsible for hydrolyzing dipeptides. It is found in the microsomal fraction of the porcine kidney cortex. [ 5 ] It exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer that is glygosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored to the renal brush border of the kidney. [ 6 ]
Transcription occurs in the nucleus using DNA as a template to produce mRNA.In eukaryotes, this mRNA molecule is known as pre-mRNA as it undergoes post-transcriptional modifications in the nucleus to produce a mature mRNA molecule.
Peptide bond formation via dehydration reaction. When two amino acids form a dipeptide through a peptide bond, [1] it is a type of condensation reaction. [2] In this kind of condensation, two amino acids approach each other, with the non-side chain (C1) carboxylic acid moiety of one coming near the non-side chain (N2) amino moiety of the other.