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  2. Map (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(higher-order_function)

    Therefore, compilers will attempt to transform the first form into the second; this type of optimization is known as map fusion and is the functional analog of loop fusion. [2] Map functions can be and often are defined in terms of a fold such as foldr, which means one can do a map-fold fusion: foldr f z . map g is equivalent to foldr (f .

  3. Unit type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_type

    In Python, there is a type called NoneType which allows the single value of None. In Python's optional static type annotations, this type is represented as None. [1] In Swift, the unit type is called Void or and its only value is also (), reflecting the 0-tuple interpretation. In Java, the unit type is called Void and its only value is null.

  4. Switch statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_statement

    In computer programming languages, a switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression to change the control flow of program execution via search and map.

  5. Semipredicate problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semipredicate_problem

    This is conventional in languages (such as Python) that have a built-in tuple data type and special syntax for handling these: in Python, x, y = f() calls the function f returning a pair of values and assigns the elements of the pair to two variables. Secondary return values as in Common Lisp. All expressions have a primary value, but secondary ...

  6. Uninitialized variable - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninitialized_variable

    The final value of k is undefined. The answer that it must be 10 assumes that it started at zero, which may or may not be true. Note that in the example, the variable i is initialized to zero by the first clause of the for statement.

  7. Deep reinforcement learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_reinforcement_learning

    The agent attempts to learn a policy (|), or map from observations to actions, in order to maximize its returns (expected sum of rewards). In reinforcement learning (as opposed to optimal control ) the algorithm only has access to the dynamics p ( s ′ | s , a ) {\displaystyle p(s'|s,a)} through sampling.

  8. Decision tree pruning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree_pruning

    Pruning processes can be divided into two types (pre- and post-pruning). Pre-pruning procedures prevent a complete induction of the training set by replacing a stop criterion in the induction algorithm (e.g. max. Tree depth or information gain (Attr)> minGain).

  9. Dangling pointer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangling_pointer

    Dangling pointer. Dangling pointers and wild pointers in computer programming are pointers that do not point to a valid object of the appropriate type. These are special cases of memory safety violations.