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Protein folding problem: Is it possible to predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polypeptide sequence based solely on the sequence and environmental information? Inverse protein-folding problem: Is it possible to design a polypeptide sequence which will adopt a given structure under certain environmental conditions?
Dynamic kinetic resolution of 1,4 conjugate reduction. The rate-limiting step is the copper complex interaction with the double bond and the transfer of hydrogen. 1,4 conjugate reduction to cyclic enones. Copper proved to be an excellent metal in this reaction due to its ability to complex with the oxygen when the hydrogen was added.
Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants or reagents.
Cascade reactions, a specific type of one-pot synthesis, streamline the process further by enabling consecutive transformations within a single reactant, minimizing resource consumption Catalytic Strategies: Catalysts play a vital role in chemical synthesis by accelerating reactions and enabling specific transformations.
Transformations are often seen to follow a characteristic s-shaped, or sigmoidal, profile where the transformation rates are low at the beginning and the end of the transformation but rapid in between. The initial slow rate can be attributed to the time required for a significant number of nuclei of the new phase to form and begin growing.
Chemical energy is the energy of chemical substances that is released when the substances undergo a chemical reaction and transform into other substances. Some examples of storage media of chemical energy include batteries, [1] food, and gasoline (as well as oxygen gas, which is of high chemical energy due to its relatively weak double bond [2] and indispensable for chemical-energy release in ...
The formal intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of 1,6-enynes of the type 67 mediated by gold catalysis is another example of a transition-metal-catalyzed cascade (Scheme 14). [ 25 ] [ 26 ] A variety of 1,6-enynes reacted under mild conditions in the presence of Au(I) complexes 68a – b to yield the tricyclic products 69 in moderate to excellent ...
Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...