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  2. Entrance length (fluid dynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrance_length_(fluid...

    In fluid dynamics, the entrance length is the distance a flow travels after entering a pipe before the flow becomes fully developed. [1] Entrance length refers to the length of the entry region, the area following the pipe entrance where effects originating from the interior wall of the pipe propagate into the flow as an expanding boundary layer.

  3. Graetz number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graetz_number

    A Graetz number of approximately 1000 or less is the point at which flow would be considered thermally fully developed. [ 2 ] When used in connection with mass transfer the Prandtl number is replaced by the Schmidt number , Sc, which expresses the ratio of the momentum diffusivity to the mass diffusivity.

  4. Flow distribution in manifolds - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_distribution_in_manifolds

    [4] [5] [6] A generalized model of the flow distribution in channel networks of planar fuel cells. [6] Similar to Ohm's law, the pressure drop is assumed to be proportional to the flow rates. The relationship of pressure drop, flow rate and flow resistance is described as Q 2 = ∆P/R. f = 64/Re for laminar flow where Re is the Reynolds number.

  5. Flow measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement

    Sonar flowmeters have the capacity of measuring the velocity of liquids or gases non-intrusively within the pipe and then leverage this velocity measurement into a flow rate by using the cross-sectional area of the pipe and the line pressure and temperature. The principle behind this flow measurement is the use of underwater acoustics.

  6. Laminar flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow

    A laminar flow reactor (LFR) is a reactor that uses laminar flow to study chemical reactions and process mechanisms. A laminar flow design for animal husbandry of rats for disease management was developed by Beall et al. 1971 and became a standard around the world [9] including in the then-Eastern Bloc. [10]

  7. Flow conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_conditioning

    Select values of upstream meter tube length, and flow conditioner location, to be used for the performance evaluation. Install the flow conditioner at the desired location. First, perform a test for either the two 90° elbows out-of-plane installation, or the high swirl installation for β {\displaystyle \beta } = 0.40 and for β {\displaystyle ...

  8. Fanno flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanno_flow

    In a nozzle, the converging or diverging area is modeled with isentropic flow, while the constant area section afterwards is modeled with Fanno flow. For given upstream conditions at point 1 as shown in Figures 3 and 4, calculations can be made to determine the nozzle exit Mach number and the location of a normal shock in the constant area duct.

  9. Hagen–Poiseuille equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagen–Poiseuille_equation

    For a compressible fluid in a tube the volumetric flow rate Q(x) and the axial velocity are not constant along the tube; but the mass flow rate is constant along the tube length. The volumetric flow rate is usually expressed at the outlet pressure. As fluid is compressed or expanded, work is done and the fluid is heated or cooled.