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In mathematics, the amicable numbers are two different natural numbers related in such a way that the sum of the proper divisors of each is equal to the other number. That is, s ( a )= b and s ( b )= a , where s ( n )=σ( n )- n is equal to the sum of positive divisors of n except n itself (see also divisor function ).
An amenable number is a positive integer for which there exists a multiset of as many integers as the original number that both add up to the original number and when multiplied together give the original number.
Number fields are often studied as extensions of smaller number fields: a field L is said to be an extension of a field K if L contains K. (For example, the complex numbers C are an extension of the reals R, and the reals R are an extension of the rationals Q.) Classifying the possible extensions of a given number field is a difficult and ...
An amicable number has a repeating aliquot sequence of period 2. For instance, the aliquot sequence of 220 is 220, 284, 220, 284, ... A sociable number has a repeating aliquot sequence of period 3 or greater. (Sometimes the term sociable number is used to encompass amicable numbers as well.)
A number that is not part of any friendly pair is called solitary. The abundancy index of n is the rational number σ(n) / n, in which σ denotes the sum of divisors function. A number n is a friendly number if there exists m ≠ n such that σ(m) / m = σ(n) / n. Abundancy is not the same as abundance, which is defined as σ(n) − 2n.
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The period of the sequence, or order of the set of sociable numbers, is the number of numbers in this cycle. If the period of the sequence is 1, the number is a sociable number of order 1, or a perfect number—for example, the proper divisors of 6 are 1, 2, and 3, whose sum is again 6. A pair of amicable numbers is a set of sociable numbers of ...
In mathematics, an amicable triple is a set of three different numbers so related that the restricted sum of the divisors of each is equal to the sum of other two numbers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In another equivalent characterization, an amicable triple is a set of three different numbers so related that the sum of the divisors of each is equal to the sum ...